What is a Kat in football?

The Kat's responsibility was to provide pass or run coverage depending on the play. The players who played this position usually had good combinations of cornerback- and linebacker-type skills, because both of those skills were needed.

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In this paper we propose a novel method of rating players in college football. We will introduce the problem of rating players, the unique dataset obtained to help address the problem, discuss the methods applied to the problem, the results of the methods, and future applications of this research. In college football, coaches are concerned with which players give them the best chance to win. Knowing which positions are “most important” in determining a winning team can help guide recruiting efforts and help in personnel decisions. However, a player being labeled “most important” or “more important" depends on the criteria being used. In many athletic events, a win or loss is of most interest to coaches, players and fans alike. Since scoring points is the main objective, one criteria for players who are important in college football is the ability to create points or diminish the opportunity for the other team to score points. Often, a quarterback (QB) is deemed the “most important” position in football because the QB touches the ball on every offensive possession. Therefore, every good and every bad offensive play has one thing in common, the QB. The QB is given credit for scoring, and the QB is blamed when something goes wrong. In this paper we propose a way to evaluate all players within an offense or defense to determine which position or player actually had the biggest impact on the team’s overall performance in terms of points.

1.2 BYU football

To understand the positions and players being rated in our methods, a brief introduction to the Brigham Young University (BYU) football team and their playing style is needed. We focused on the 2015 college football season for our analysis. There are two groups of players in football, the offense and the defense. The offense is responsible for scoring points and consists of 11 positions. The defense is responsible for preventing the opposing team’s offense from scoring points and consists of 11 positions. On offense BYU typically had five offensive linemen, with a quarterback, one or two running backs, and three or four receivers. Although the offensive line (OL) consisted of players with somewhat different responsibilities (eg. center, who snaps the ball vs. a left tackle who protects the left side of the QB) we will group each of them together in the OL position. The OL’s primary assignment is to prevent defensive players from getting to the QB and to block defenders and clear space for the running back (RB) to make progress up the field. The QB is the position that receives the ball at the start of every play, and his assignment is to hand the ball off to the RB, pass the ball to a receiver, or run the ball himself. As mentioned before, the QB is often viewed as the “most important” position. The RB is either running the ball to make progress towards scoring, or blocking defenders to keep them from tackling another ball carrier. The wide receivers (WR) are the players that line up closest to the sideline on either side. The WR’s primary responsibility is to catch a pass thrown by the QB. The inside wide receivers (IWR) are the receivers who line up closer to the offensive line than the WR’s and had the same job as the WR’s. The IWR’s often made more catches in the middle of the field compared to the WR’s. Tight Ends (TE) were grouped in the IWR for our analysis, but the TE often lined up with the OL and had more OL-type blocking duties than a typical IWR. BYU ran a 3–4 defense in 2015, which means there were three linemen, four linebackers, two corners, and two safeties. Figure 1 shows how the 11 different positions lined up on the field relative to the line of scrimmage. The line of scrimmage is an imaginary line across the field through the ball location that divides the offense from the defense prior to the ball being put in play. The different line positions include the Right End (RE) who lined up on the right of the defensive line, Nose Tackle (Nose) who lined up in the middle of the defensive line, and Left End (LE) who lined up on the left side of the defensive line. These linemen were tasked with tackling or containing the opposing team’s QB, or RB depending on the play the offense was running.

Fig.1

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The strong side of the field is the side where more offensive skill positions are lined up, while the weak side is the opposite - the strong and weak side can change from play to play. The four linebackers were separated into outside and inside linebackers. There were two inside linebackers, the Mike - who was responsible for calling the plays for the defense and plays on the strong side of the field, and the Buck - who was responsible for the weak side of the field and acts more as a coverage and containment position. Linebackers communicate to change their alignment on each play if necessary. The outside linebackers consisted of the Sam linebacker - who lined up on the strong side and was usually focused on stopping the run, and the Will linebacker - who lined up on the weak side of the field and helped the secondary (safeties and cornerbacks) contain any receivers, usually opponent’s TE’s or RB’s who went out for a pass. The Will linebacker was often the fastest of the four linebackers because of their coverage duties. The cornerbacks were responsible for covering the receivers and not allowing them to catch the ball, or making a tackle if the receiver did makea catch. The two corners, the field corner (FieldCB) and boundary corner (BoundCB) play on opposite sides of the field. To understand these two sides of the field it is important to understand that the offense would line up at some point between two hash marks that go down the middle of the field, as pictured in Fig. 2. If the offense lined up in the middle of the field, there were equal areas on both the right and left of the offense. However, if the offense lined up closer to or on one of the hash marks, it created a shorter side of the field next to the out of bounds line and a larger side of the field opposite. These two sides are known as the field side (more field to cover) and the boundary or short side. The side of the field corresponding to the position name is where the FieldCB and BoundCB lined up. While both CB positions were responsible for covering WRs the BoundCB had slightly more run responsibility and the FieldCB had slightly more coverage responsibility. If the offense had lined up in the middle of the field, then the FieldCB and BoundCB communicated to determine which side theyplayed on.

Fig.2

The two safeties in BYU’s alignment were the Kat or strong safety, and the free safety (FS). The Kat’s responsibility was to provide pass or run coverage depending on the play. The players who played this position usually had good combinations of cornerback- and linebacker-type skills, because both of those skills were needed. The FS’s responsibility was to cover the pass in whatever area the cornerbacks needed help, and were essentially the cornerbacks safety valve for any extra receivers or missed coverage. The previous paragraphs described the 11 main positions used by BYU, but there were two other positions that were used on occasion. The nickelback (Nickel) was another corner (third corner) that replaced the Kat on plays where the opposing offense lined up extra receivers. The X-Back (XB), sometimes called a dimeback was used when there was a need for two extra cornerback-type players in the game, the Nickel was the first extra cornerback and the XB was the second extra cornerback. The XB often replaced the Sam linebacker when in the game, and was the position that was used least by BYU during the 2015 season.

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