What is the red dot on the Black Widow?

Hourglass marking: Black widows are identified by red hourglass marking on the underside of their abdomens. This marking is bright red and signals danger to predators and attackers. Color: Black widows are shiny black in color.

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Appearance

Hourglass marking : Black widows are identified by red hourglass marking on the underside of their abdomens. This marking is bright red and signals danger to predators and attackers.

Color : Black widows are shiny black in color.

Size: Most black widow spiders' bodies are 3 to 10 mm in size. Females are larger than males and can measure 13 mm in body length.

Habitat

Black widow spiders favor dark, secluded areas such as crevices and woodpiles. Inside the home, black widows typically hide in sheltered, dimly lit locations such as garages, dark corners, basements, closets and cluttered areas. They thrive primarily in temperate zones and are known to be abundant in the American South.

Geographical Range

Several species of Latrodectus or “widow” spiders are present in North America. The most common are: the southern widow (Latrodectus mactans) found in the American South and Northeast; Latrodectus hesperus found in the west; the brown widow (Latrodectus geometricus) found in the South; and the northern widow (Latrodectus variolus) found in the Northeast.

Characteristics

Comb foot : An important characteristic of the black widow spider is its comb foot. This row of strong, curved bristles is located upon the hind pair of legs and is used to pitch silk over captured prey. Shy : Black widows are shy in nature. They are solitary, socializing only during copulation.

Nocturnal : Black widows are nocturnal and spin webs during daytime.

Hang upside down: They can sometimes be seen hanging upside down in their web, exposing a telltale hourglass abdominal marking.

Male vs. Female

On average, male black widow spiders are smaller than females, reaching only about half their size in length. However, the legs of the male black widow are considerably longer in proportion to the female’s and are marked by orange and brown at the joints. Males may exhibit red and white stripes on the abdomen depending on the species and are more colorful and finely patterned than females.

Black Widow Webs

Black widows spin a large web where the female suspends a cocoon that can contain hundreds of eggs. These spiders also use their webs to capture their prey, which includes insects such as flies, grasshoppers, beetles, etc.Read more about the black widow's web.

Black Widow Spider Web Closeup

Northern Black Widow

As designated by its name, the northern black widow spider (Latrodectus various) is found primarily in the Northeast United States. They may live as far south as Florida, as far north as Canada and as far west as Texas. Species of widow spiders are also occasionally transported in shipments of household goods to states outside of their natural range. Northern black widows are primarily found in marginal land habitats with sparse vegetation, stumps, hollow logs and piles of debris. Northern black widow spiders are rarely found indoors. However, they may enter human dwellings on piles of firewood or other items brought inside. Most adult female northern black widow spiders are shiny black in color, with rows of red spots atop the abdomen. Crosswise bars that resemble a red hourglass appear on the underside of the abdomen.

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Southern Black Widow

The weather in the American South is extremely conducive to the development of black widow spiders, and several species can be found. A great example is the southern black widow spider (Latrodectus mactans). They are one of the most common black widow species in the Southern United States. Females spin irregular and nonsymmetrical webs. They do not prefer to venture indoors but can be found in garages or basements near openings to the outdoors such as around garage doors. Like the northern black widow, the female southern black widow spider is jet-black in color and is shiny. They also have a red hourglass-shaped mark on the underside which serves to identify it.

How the Black Widow Spider Received its Name

The black widow spider received its name due to a story about its mating behaviors. Courtship begins when males go out in search of receptive females. Upon approaching a web-spinning female, the male spider will wait for an indication of her willingness: females interested in mating remain still, allowing males to inseminate them. As the story goes, following insemination, female black widow spiders kill and feed upon their mates. This story led to the black widow's name. However, it is a misconception that all female black widows kill and consume their mates. Rather, this behavior is typically only observed in captivity. The black widow contributes to the balance of the ecosystem by consuming insects such as flies and mosquitoes. It also controls crop pest populations, feeding on pests that defoliate plants, including locusts, grasshoppers, beetles and caterpillars.