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What personality disorder has splitting?

Borderline personality disorder (BPD) affects how a person feels, reacts to certain situations, views the world, and sees themselves. BPD splitting is one reaction that causes a person to have an extreme, absolute, or “black or white” perspective.

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What Is BPD Splitting?

BPD splitting is an unconscious or unintentional reaction to uncomfortable or uncertain situations. This reaction involves the person with borderline personality disorder concluding that something is entirely good or bad with no middle ground. Essentially, it is an all-or-nothing scenario. Sometimes splitting will be easily apparent. In other cases, especially in quiet BPD, the extreme framing of splitting will be almost entirely internal.1,2 BPD splitting is frequently used as a coping skill to manage difficult situations by reframing the triggering person, place, or thing as either all good or all bad. For example, if the person’s boyfriend broke up with them, it doesn’t matter because they “never liked him anyway.” If they fail a test, it’s OK because the class, teacher, or entire school is “wrong” or “stupid.”3 In some cases, splitting is used as a way to push blame or responsibility onto someone else. In other cases, it involves the person taking too much responsibility for outcomes or others’ actions. In other words, if they fail one test, they believe they’re a complete failure who will never succeed. Like other mental health symptoms and experiences, many people will experience some degree of splitting in their everyday life. Even without borderline personality disorder, a person can have a strong, irrational opinion about a person, place, or thing. BPD splitting becomes more of an issue in regard to its frequency, intensity, and ability to negatively impact the person’s life. The instability of borderline personality drives BPD splitting, and in turn, the splitting fuels further instability; however, splitting is not the only coping mechanism that people with BPD regularly use to manage intense symptoms. Dissociation and denial are also coping skills and defense mechanisms, but like splitting, they’re negative. Dissociation: the process of being fully removed and unaffected by the situation and stimuli. With dissociation, a person with BPD may have no recollection of what happened. the process of being fully removed and unaffected by the situation and stimuli. With dissociation, a person with BPD may have no recollection of what happened. Denial: in denial, the person will simply ignore facts and important information

3 Examples of BPD Splitting

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BPD splitting creates a roller coaster effect, because when the individual likes something, they love it, and when they dislike something, they despise it. Examples of this negative coping skill can help illustrate it more accurately.

Here are three examples of BPD splitting:

They perceive that everything is awful: splitting forces the person into a position of thinking that everything is either perfect or awful, and since life is full of struggles and disappointments, they will usually see things as awful. They may complain about seemingly insignificant events while being rigidly opposed to hearing or seeing other perspectives that challenge their opinion. They’re great until they’re not: at times, splitting can be more fluid. A person with BPD may wake up feeling great and excited. They could feel good about themselves, their accomplishments, and their future until a criticism or perceived slight causes a wave of shame, guilt, and self-hatred. The break-up and make-up cycle: it may be somewhat expected for people in relationships to go through ups and downs, but these BPD relationship cycles will be more frequent and dramatic in people with BPD. One day, they may not be dating anyone, and the next, they are deeply in love with a new partner. Another few days go by and they’re broken up, only to make up and break up again. It’s important to emphasize that the person doing the splitting will not have a lot of conscious awareness of it. They will only think that their feelings are justified and based in fact, logic, and rational thinking. In actuality, their feelings are based on the typical motivations of BPD, including fear of abandonment, unstable relationships, and inconsistent self-image.2

How Long Do Episodes Last?

Splitting episodes do not have a time limit. They can last anywhere from a few hours to a few months. In some cases, the person with BPD may split on a person, situation, or item forever and never back away from their extreme view. There are two frequency-related situations that may indicate the person’s splitting is more harmful:

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